Should transgender athletes be allowed to compete against athletes that differ from their assigned sex at birth?

Yes; but athletic and sports competitions should not be segregated by sex/gender, but by a measurable class based on physical performance or relevant statistics (as in boxing) into which athletes can be assigned and compete without regard to assigned sex.

It depends on the sport and the trans athlete in question, judge it on a case by case basis and assess the athlete's physical advantage / disadvantage based on their medical status and gender history to date (what surgeries, blood chemistry, muscle mass etc).

It should be based on if puberty was experienced in their sex assigned at birth, as this is when the greatest physiological differential between the sexes takes place, some of which is irreversible regardless of current hormonal levels.

Yes, in an open category where anyone can choose to compete. If women only want to compete against women, that should be respected.

I believe this stance causes more division and doesn’t factor in the possibility that a cisgender person could have abnormal hormone levels that puts them at a dis/advantage when it comes to competing in categorically gendered sports competitions.

if they have gone through puberty before transitioning they should not be allowed to compete against athletes who’s gender differed at birth

Yes, having undergone hrt, however any line is blurred because sex is bimodal rather than binary, and biology is bad at strict delineation