World’s Top Court Declares Climate Inaction a Violation of International Law—Nations Face Legal Duty to Act

In a historic advisory opinion, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) has ruled that all countries are legally obligated under international law to address climate change and curb greenhouse gas emissions. The court declared climate change an 'urgent and existential threat,' stating that failure to act could breach international law and potentially lead to reparations for affected nations. The ruling affirms that a healthy environment is a human right and that even countries not party to the Paris Agreement must take action. This landmark decision was prompted by a campaign led by vulnerable nations like Vanuatu, seeking accountability from major polluters. While the opinion is not legally binding, it sets a powerful precedent for global climate justice and could influence future legal and diplomatic efforts.